Title: Changes Over Time in HIV Prevalence and Sexual Behaviour Among Young Female Sex‑Workers in 14 Sites in Zimbabwe, 2013–2016
Authors: Sungai T. Chabata · Bernadette Hensen · Tarisai Chiyaka · Phillis Mushati · Sibongile Mtetwa ·
Dagmar Hanisch · Sue Napierala · Joanna Busza · Sian Floyd · Elizabeth Fearon · Isolde Birdthistle ·
James R. Hargreaves · Frances M. Cowan
Abstract
Young female sex-workers (FSW) aged 18–24 are at high risk of HIV due to high numbers of sexual partners, difficulty negotiating condom use, increased risk of gender-based violence, and limited access to services. Here we describe changes in sexual behaviours among young FSW across Zimbabwe between 2013 and 2016, and risk factors for prevalent HIV in 2013 and 2016. FSW ≥ 18 years were recruited using respondent-driven sampling in 14 sites across Zimbabwe in 2013 and 2016 as part of the SAPPH-IRe trial
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Title: Protocol for the evaluation of the population-level impact of Zimbabwe’s prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission program option B+: a community based serial cross-sectional study
Authors: Aybuke Koyuncu, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Sandra Irene McCoy, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Raluca Buzdugan, Constancia Watadzaushe, Jeffrey Dirawo, Angela Mushavi, Agnes Mahomva, Frances Cowan and Nancy Padian
Abstract
WHO recommends that HIV infected women receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) minimally during pregnancy and breastfeeding (“Option B”), or ideally throughout their lives regardless of clinical stage (“Option B+”) (Coovadia et al., Lancet 379:221–228, 2012). Although these recommendations were based on clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding, the population-level effectiveness of Option B+ is unknown.
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Title: Economy, migrant labour and sex work: interplay of HIV epidemic drivers in Zimbabwe over three decades
Authors: Richard Steena, Jan A.C. Honteleza, Owen Mugurungi, Amon Mpofu, Suzette M. Matthijsse, Sake J. de Vlasa, Gina A. Dallabetta and Frances M. Cowan
Abstract
HIV took off rapidly in Zimbabwe during the 1980s. Yet, between 1998 and 2003, as the economy faltered, HIV prevalence declined abruptly and without clear explanation.
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Title: Effects of parenting classes and economic strengthening for caregivers on the cognition of HIV-exposed infants: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Helen Mebrahtu, Victoria Simms, Zivai Mupambireyi,Andrea M Rehman,Rudo Chingono, Edward Matsikire,Rickie Malaba, Helen A Weiss, Patience Ndlovu, Frances M Cowan, Lorraine Sherr
Abstract
HIV-exposed children show signs of developmental delay. We assessed the impact of a pragmatic multicomponent intervention for caregivers of HIV-exposed children aged 0–2 years in Zimbabwe.
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Title: Cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of peer delivery HIV self-testing to support linkage to HIV prevention among young women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a study protocol
Authors: Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo ,Nondumiso Mthiyane, Carina Herbst, Paul Mee, Melissa Neuman,Jaco Dreyer,Natsayi Chimbindi,Theresa Smit,Nonhlanhla Okesola, Cheryl Johnson, Karin Hatzold,Janet Seeley, Frances Cowan, Liz Corbett, Maryam Shahmanesh
Abstract
A cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) to determine whether HIV self-testing (HIVST) delivered by peers either directly or through incentivised peer-networks, could increase the uptake of antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among young women (18 to 24 years) is being undertaken in an HIV hyperendemic area in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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Title:The impact and cost-effectiveness of community-based HIV self-testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a health economic and modelling analysis
Authors: Valentina Cambiano, Cheryl C Johnson, Karin Hatzold, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Hendy Maheswaran, Harsha Thirumurthy, Carmen Figueroa, Frances M Cowan, Euphemia L Sibanda, Getrude Ncube, Paul Revill, Rachel C Baggaley, Elizabeth L Corbett, Andrew Phillips for Working Group on Cost Effectiveness of HIV self-testing in Southern Africa
Abstract
The prevalence of undiagnosed HIV is declining in Africa, and various HIV testing approaches are finding lower positivity rates. In this context, the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness of community-based HIV self-testing (CBHIVST)
is unclear. We aimed to assess this in different sub-populations and across scenarios characterized by different adult HIV prevalence and antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Title: Applying user preferences to optimize the contribution of HIV self-testing to reaching the “first 90” target of UNAIDS Fast-track strategy: results from discrete choice experiments in Zimbabwe
Authors: Euphemia L Sibanda, Marc d’Elbee, Galven Maringwa, Nancy Ruhode, Mary Tumushime, Claudius Madanhire, Jason J Ong, Pitchaya Indravudh, Constancia Watadzaushe, Cheryl C Johnson, Karin Hatzold7, Miriam Taegtmeyer, James R Hargreaves, Elizabeth L Corbett, Frances M Cowan and Fern Terris-Prestholt
Abstract
New HIV testing strategies are needed to reach the United Nations’ 90-90-90 target. HIV self-testing (HIVST) can increase uptake, but users’ perspectives on optimal models of distribution and post-test services are uncertain. We used discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to explore the impact of service characteristics on uptake along the testing cascade.
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Title: Strengthening the scale-up and uptake of effective interventions for sex workers for population impact in Zimbabwe
Authors: Frances M Cowan , Sungai T Chabata , Sithembile Musemburi , Elizabeth Fearon , Calum Davey ,Tendayi Ndori-Mharadze , Loveleen Bansi-Matharu , Valentina Cambiano , Richard Steen , Joanna Busza , Raymond Yekeye, Owen Mugurungi, James R Hargreaves and Andrew N Phillips
Abstract
UNAIDS’ goal of ending AIDS by 2030 is unreachable without better targeting of testing, prevention and care. Female sex workers (FSW) in Zimbabwe are at high risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. Here, we report on collated programme and research data from Zimbabwe’s national sex work programme. We also assess the potential for wider population impact of FSW programmes by modelling the impact on HIV incidence of eliminating transmission through FSW (i.e. calculate the population attributable fraction of incidence attributable to sex work).
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Title: HIV risk among young women who sell sex by whether they identify as sex workers: analysis of respondent-driven sampling surveys, Zimbabwe, 2017
Authors: Bernadette Hensen , Sungai T Chabata , Sian Floyd, Tarisai Chiyaka, Phillis Mushati, Joanna Busza, Isolde Birdthistle , James R Hargreaves and Frances M Cowan
Abstract
Across sub-Saharan Africa, selling sex puts young women at high risk of HIV. Some young women who sell sex (YWSS) may self-identify as sex workers, while others may not, having implications for how to reach them with HIV prevention. We describe characteristics, sexual behaviours and health service use of YWSS in Zimbabwe, comparing women who identified as female sex workers (FSW) and women who did not (non-identifying-YWSS), and explore factors associated with HIV infection.
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Title: Is the PrePex device an alternative for surgical male circumcision in adolescents ages 13–17 years? Findings from routine service delivery during active surveillance in Zimbabwe
Authors: Webster Mavhu, Karin Hatzold, Ngonidzashe Madidi, Brian Maponga,Roy Dhlamini, Malvern Munjoma, Sinokuthemba Xaba, Getrude Ncube,Owen Mugurungi, Frances M. Cowan
Abstract
Male circumcision devices have the potential to accelerate adolescent voluntary medical male circumcision roll-out. Here, we present findings on safety, acceptability and satisfaction from active surveillance of PrePex implementation among 618 dolescent males (13–17 years) circumcised in Zimbabwe.
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