Publication

Authors: Nicola Willis, BN (Hons), MPhil,* Tanyaradzwa Napei, BSc, BSS, MSc,* Alice Armstrong, BScN, MSc,† Helen Jackson, BA (Hons), Dip Hum Biol, MSc,Tsitsi Apollo, MBChB, MPH, MBA, Angela Mushavi, MBChB, MMed (Pediatrics), Getrude Ncube, MIH,§ and Frances M. Cowan, MBBS, MRCP, MSc, MD, FRCP, FRCPE

Abstract

Since 2004, there has been a dramatic shift in the HIV response for children, adolescents, and young people in low resource settings. Previous programs and services were largely orientated to adults.

Authors: Euphemia L. Sibanda , Sarah Bernays , Ian V. D. Weller , James G. Hakim5 and Frances M. Cowan

Abstract

While barriers to uptake of antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women have been explored, much less is known about how integrating prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes within ANC services affects uptake.

Authors: Tendayi Ndori-Mharadze, Elizabeth Fearon, Joanna Busza, Jeffrey Dirawo, Sithembile Musemburi, Calum Davey, Xeno Acharya, Sibongile Mtetwa, James R Hargreaves and Frances Cowan

Abstract

Sisters with a Voice’, Zimbabwe’s nationally scaled comprehensive programme for female sex workers (FSWs), intensified community mobilization activities in three sites to increase protective behaviours and utilization of clinical services.

Authors: Webster Mavhu, Elizabeth Rowley, Ibou Thior, Natalie Kruse-Levy, Owen Mugurungi, Getrude Ncube, Suzanne Leclerc-Madlala

Abstract

New HIV infections among sub-Saharan Africa’s adolescent girls and young women (AGYW, ages 15–24) greatly exceed those of their male peers. In addition, AGYW tend to acquire HIV at a much earlier age.

Authors: Bernadette Hensen, James R. Hargreaves, Tarisai Chiyaka, Sungai Chabata, Phillis Mushati, Sian Floyd, Isolde Birdthistle, Joanna Busza and Frances Cowan

Abstract

Determined, Resilient, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe” (DREAMS) is a package of biomedical, social and economic interventions offered to adolescent girls and young women aged 10–24 years with the aim of reducing HIV incidence.

Authors: Frances M Cowan, Calum Davey, Elizabeth Fearon, Phillis Mushati, Jeffrey Dirawo, Sungai Chabata, Valentina Cambiano, Sue Napierala, Dagmar Hanisch, Ramona Wong-Gruenwald, Nyasha Masuka, Travor Mabugo, Karin Hatzold, Owen Mugurungi, Joanna Busza, Andrew Phillips, James R Hargreaves

Abstract

Strengthening engagement of female sex workers with health services is needed to eliminate HIV. We assessed the efficacy of a targeted combination intervention for female sex workers in Zimbabwe.

Authors: Tarisai Chiyaka, Phillis Mushati, Bernadette Hensen, Sungai Chabata, James R. Hargreaves, Sian Floyd, Isolde J. Birdthistle, Frances M. Cowan, Joanna R. Busza

Abstract

Young women (aged 15–24) who exchange sex for money or other support are among the highest risk groups for HIV acquisition, particularly in high prevalence settings.

Abstract

HIV infection in a family may affect optimum child development. Our hypothesis is that child development outcomes among HIV-exposed infants will be improved through a complex early childhood stimulation (ECS) programme, and income and loans saving programme for HIV positive parents.

Authors: Charles Chilimampunga, Simeon Lijenje, Judith Sherman, Kelvin Nindi, Webster Mavhu

Abstract

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been successfully implemented in 14 countries as an additional HIV prevention intervention. As VMMC programs mature in most countries, the focus is now on how to sustain the HIV prevention gains realised from VMMC.

Authors: Frances M. Cowan, MD, Calum B. Davey, MSc, Elizabeth Fearon, PhD, Phillis Mushati, MSc, Jeffrey Dirawo, Valentina Cambiano, PhD, Sue Napierala Mavedzenge, DPhil, Dagmar Hanisch, MPH, Ramona Wong-Gruenwald, MPH, Milton Chemhuru, MD, MPH, Nyasha Masuka, MBChB, MPH, Karin Hatzold, MD, Owen Mugurungi, MD, Joanna Busza, MSc, Andrew N. Philips, PhD, and James R. Hargreaves, PhD

Abstract

Female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher prevalence of HIV than other women of reproductive age. Social, legal, and structural barriers influence their access to care. Little is known about the HIV diagnosis and care cascade in most countries in Southern Africa.

Authors: Joanna Busza, Sibongile Mtetwa, Elizabeth Fearon, David Hofisi, Tinashe Mundawarara, Raymond Yekeye, Tapuwa Magure, Owen Mugurungi and Frances Cowan

Abstract

As highlighted in the JIAS special issue on the role of police in the global HIV pandemic, legal policy and its enforcement both reflect and shape social attitudes toward key populations including sex workers, men who have sex with men, drug users and other marginalized groups.

Authors: J. R. Hargreaves, J. Busza, P. Mushati, E. Fearon & F. M. Cowan

Abstract

HIV stigma can inhibit the uptake of HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy as well as negatively affect mental health. Efforts to reduce discrimination against people living with HIV (LWH) have contributed to greater acceptance of the infection.

Authors: Euphemia L Sibanda, Mary Tumushime, Juliet Mufuka, Sue Napierala Mavedzenge, Stephano Gudukeya, Sergio Bautista-Arredondo, Karin Hatzold, Harsha Thirumurthy, Sandra I McCoy, Nancy Padian, Andrew Copas, Frances M Cowan

Abstract

Couples’ HIV testing and counselling (CHTC) is associated with greater engagement with HIV prevention and care than individual testing and is cost-effective, but uptake remains suboptimal.

Author: Lawrence Mwenge, Linda Sande, Collin Mangenah, Nurilign Ahmed, Sarah Kanema, Marc d’Elbe, Euphemia Sibanda, Thokozani Kalua, Gertrude Ncube, Cheryl C. Johnson, Karin Hatzold, Frances M. Cowan, Elizabeth L. Corbett2, Helen Ayles, Hendramoorthy Maheswaran, Fern Terris-Prestholt

Abstract

Providing HIV testing at health facilities remains the most common approach to ensuring access to HIV treatment and prevention services for the millions of undiagnosed HIVinfected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa.

Authors: Webster Mavhu, Nicola Willis, Juliet Mufuka, Collin Mangenah, Kudzanayi Mvududu, Sarah Bernays, Walter Mangezi, Tsitsi Apollo, Ricardo Araya, Helen A. Weiss and Frances M. Cowan

Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) adolescent HIV-testing and treatment guidelines recommend community-based interventions to support antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and retention in care while acknowledging that the evidence to support this recommendation is weak.

Authors: Webster Mavhu, Karin Hatzold, Getrude Ncube, Shamiso Fernando, Collin Mangenah, Kumbirai Chatora, Roy Dhlamini, Owen Mugurungi, Ismail Ticklay and Frances M. Cowan

Abstract

Early infant male circumcision (EIMC) has been identified as a key HIV prevention intervention. Exploring the decision-making process for adoption of EIMC for HIV prevention among parents and other key stakeholders is critical for designing effective demand creation interventions to maximize uptake, roll out and impact in preventing HIV.

Authors: Michelle R. Kaufmana , Kim H. Damb , Lynn M. Van Lithb , Karin Hatzoldc , Webster Mavhud , Catherine Kahabukae , Lusanda Mahlaselaf , Arik V. Marcellg , Eshan U. Patell , Maria Elena Figueroab , Emmanuel Njeuhmelih , Kim Seifert-Ahandah , Getrude Ncubei , Gissenge Lijaj , Collen Bonnecwek and Aaron A.R. Tobian

Abstract

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is one of the first opportunities for adolescent males in African countries to interact with the healthcare system. This study explored the approaches used during adolescent VMMC counseling and whether these strategies maximize broader HIV prevention opportunities.

Authors: Pitchaya P. Indravudha , Euphemia L. Sibandab, Marc d’Elbe´e , Moses K. Kumwenda , Beate Ringwald , Galven Maringwa , Musonda Simwinga , Lot J. Nyirenda , Cheryl C. Johnson , Karin Hatzold , Fern Terris-Prestholt and Miriam Taegtmeyer

Abstract

The current study identifies young people’s preferences for HIV self-testing (HIVST) delivery, determines the relative strength of preferences and explores underlying behaviors and perceptions to inform youth-friendly services in southern Africa.

Author: Elizabeth Fearon, MSc, PhD; Sungai T Chabata, MSc; Jennifer A Thompson, MSc; Frances M Cowan, MBBS, MSc, MD, FRCPE; James R Hargreaves, MSc, PhD

Abstract

While guidance exists for obtaining population size estimates using multiplier methods with respondent-driven sampling surveys, we lack specific guidance for making sample size decisions.

Author: Frances M. Cowan, MD, Calum B. Davey, MSc, Elizabeth Fearon, PhD, Phillis Mushati, MSc, Jeffrey Dirawo, Valentina Cambiano, PhD, Sue Napierala Mavedzenge, DPhil, Dagmar Hanisch, MPH, Ramona Wong-Gruenwald, MPH, Milton Chemhuru, MD, MPH, Nyasha Masuka, MBChB, MPH, Karin Hatzold, MD, Owen Mugurungi, MD, Joanna Busza, MSc, Andrew N. Philips, PhD, and James R. Hargreaves, PhD

Abstract

Female sex workers (FSW) in sub-Saharan Africa have a higher prevalence of HIV than other women of reproductive age. Social, legal, and structural barriers influence their access to care

Authour: Charles Chilimampunga , Simeon Lijenje, Judith Sherman, Kelvin Nindi, Webster Mavhu

Abstract

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has been successfully implemented in 14 countries as an additional HIV prevention intervention. As VMMC programs mature in most countries, the focus is now on how to sustain the HIV prevention gains realised from VMMC.

Authors: N. Willis, L. Frewin, A. Miller, C. Dziwa, W. Mavhu, F. Cowan

Abstract

The global commitment to universal access for people in need of antiretroviral therapy has transformed the lives of adolescents with HIV. In contrast, there has been limited commitment at policy or service level to the need for effective therapeutic interventions which can help them to cope with their life experiences.

Authors: Jane T. Bertrand, Dino Rech, Dickens Omondi Aduda, Sasha Frade, Mores Loolpapit, Michael D. Machaku, Mathews Oyango, Webster Mavhu, Alexandra Spyrelis, Linnea Perry, Margaret Farrell, Delivette Castor, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli

Abstract

SYMMACS is the first study to provide data on the implementation of VMMC programs and adoption of elements of surgical efficiency

Authors: Karin Hatzold, Webster Mavhu, Phineas Jasi, Kumbirai Chatora, Frances M. Cowan, Noah Taruberekera, Owen Mugurungi, Kim Ahanda, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli

Abstract

We conducted quantitative and qualitative studies to explore barriers and motivating factors to VMMC for HIV prevention, and to assess utilization of existing VMMC communication channels.

Authors: Linnea Perry, Dino Rech, Webster Mavhu, Sasha Frade, Michael D. Machaku, Mathews Onyango, Dickens S. Omondi Aduda, Bennett Fimbo, Peter Cherutich, Delivette Castor, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli, Jane T. Bertrand

Abstract

Human resource capacity is vital to the scale-up of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services. VMMC providers are at risk of ‘‘burnout’’ from performing a single task repeatedly in a high volume work environment that produces long work hours and intense work effort.

Authors: Webster Mavhu, Sasha Frade, Ann-Marie Yongho, Margaret Farrell, Karin Hatzold, Michael Machaku, Mathews Onyango, Owen Mugurungi, Bennett Fimbo, Peter Cherutich, Dino Rech, Delivette Castor, Emmanuel Njeuhmeli, Jane T. Bertrand

Abstract

Countries participating in voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) scale-up have adopted most of six elements of surgical efficiency, depending on national policy. However, effective implementation of these elements largely depends on providers’ attitudes and subsequent compliance.

Authors: Joanna Busza, Sibongile Mtetwa, Petronella Chirawu, Frances Cowan

Abstract

Adolescence, migration and sex work are independent risk factors for HIV and other poor health outcomes. They are usually targeted separately with little consideration on how their intersection can enhance vulnerability.

Authors: Zivai Mupambireyi, Sarah Bernays, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Frances M. Cowan

Abstract

As access to paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) continues to improve in sub-Saharan Africa, a new historically specific cohort of HIV-perinatally infected children surviving into adolescent has emerged.

Authors: Emmanuel Njeuhmeli,Karin Hatzold,Elizabeth Gold, MA,Hally Mahler, Katharine Kripke, Delivette Castor, Webster Mavhu, Owen Mugurungi, Gertrude Ncube, Sifuni Koshuma, Shanti R. Conly, Susan Kasedde

Abstract

This article discusses why efforts to scale up VMMC should prioritize adolescent men, drawing from new evidence and experiences at the international, country, and service delivery levels.

Authors: Sandra I. McCoy, Raluca Buzdugan, Lauren J. Ralph, Angela Mushavi, Agnes Mahomva, Anna Hakobyan, Constancia Watadzaushe , Jeffrey Dirawo, Frances M. Cowan, Nancy S. Padian

Abstract

Prevention of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV infection is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT).

Authors: Raluca Buzdugan,  Clemens Benedikt, Lisa Langhaug, Andrew Copas, Oscar Mundida, Owen Mugurungi, Constancia Watadzaushe, Jeffrey Dirawo, Basile O. Tambashe, Samson Chidiya, Godfrey Woelk, Frances M. Cowan,

Abstract

We conducted the first impact evaluation of a NBCP and found positive effects of program exposure on key behaviors among certain gender and age groups.